Inverted U-Shaped Associations between Glycemic Indices and Serum Uric Acid Levels in the General Chinese Population: Findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and glycemic indices, including plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postload glucose (2h-PG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), remains inconclusive. We aimed to explore the associations between glycemic indices and SUA levels in the general Chinese population.@*Methods@#The current study was a cross-sectional analysis using the first follow-up survey data from The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study. A total of 105,922 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 40 years underwent the oral glucose tolerance test and uric acid assessment. The nonlinear relationships between glycemic indices and SUA levels were explored using generalized additive models.@*Results@#A total of 30,941 men and 62,361 women were eligible for the current analysis. Generalized additive models verified the inverted U-shaped association between glycemic indices and SUA levels, but with different inflection points in men and women. The thresholds for FPG, 2h-PG, and HbA1c for men and women were 6.5/8.0 mmol/L, 11.0/14.0 mmol/L, and 6.1/6.5, respectively (SUA levels increased with increasing glycemic indices before the inflection points and then eventually decreased with further increases in the glycemic indices).@*Conclusion@#An inverted U-shaped association was observed between major glycemic indices and uric acid levels in both sexes, while the inflection points were reached earlier in men than in women.

Use of First-phase Insulin Secretion in Early Diagnosis of Thyroid Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A relationship between hyperthyroidism and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported. Therefore, this study explored the use of first-phase insulin secretion in the differential diagnosis of thyroid diabetes (TDM) and T2DM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In total, 101 patients with hyperthyroidism were divided into hyperthyroidism with normal glucose tolerance (TNGT), hyperthyroidism with impaired glucose regulation (TIGR), and diabetes (TDM) groups. Furthermore, 96 patients without hyperthyroidism were recruited as control groups (normal glucose tolerance [NGT], impaired glucose regulation [IGR], and T2DM). The following parameters were evaluated: homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR, HOMA-β, modified β-cell function index (MBCI), peak insulin/fasting insulin (IP/I0), AUCins-OGTT, and AUCins-OGTT/AUCglu-OGTTfrom the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) insulin release test were utilized to assess the second-phase insulin secretion, while the IP/I0, AIR0'~10', and AUCins-IVGTTfrom the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) insulin release test were used to assess the first-phase insulin secretion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the OGTT, the HOMA-β values of the TNGT and TDM groups were higher than those of the NGT and T2DM groups (all P< 0.05). In the hyperthyroidism groups, the MBCI of the TDM group was lower than that of the TNGT and TIGR groups (all P< 0.05). Among the control groups, the MBCI values of the IGR and T2DM groups were lower than that of the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (all P< 0.05). In the IVGTT, insulin secretion peaked for all groups at 2-4 min, except for the T2DM group, which showed a low plateau and no secretion peak. The IP values of the TNGT, TIGR, and TDM groups were higher than those of the NGT, IGR, and T2DM groups (all P< 0.05). The Ip/I0, AIR0'~10', and AUCins-IVGTTvalues of the TDM group were higher than those of the T2DM group but were lower than those of the TNGT, TIGR, NGR, and IGR groups (all P< 0.05). Compared with the other five groups, the Ip/I0, AIR0'~10', and AUCins-IVGTTvalues of the T2DM group were significantly decreased (all P< 0.05). The Ip/I0and AUCins-IVGTTvalues of the TNGT group were higher than those of the NGT group (all P< 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>β-cell function in TDM patients is superior to that in T2DM patients. First-phase insulin secretion could be used as an early diagnostic marker to differentiate TDM and T2DM.</p>

Epidemiological study on the association between obesity with metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents of Nanning city, Guangxi / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the association between obesity and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) with its associated risk factors,in children and adolescents.Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 7893 students from 6 to 18 years of age from 14 out of 396 primary and secondary schools in Nanning city.All the students had undergone physical examination and blood tests including the following risk factors related to metabolic syndrome:fasting blood glucose (FBG),total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),alanine amino shift enzyme (ALT),aspartic acid amine shift enzyme (AST) and fasting insulin (FINS).The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was also measured.Results (1) The prevalence rate of MS in normal group was 0.57％.In both the overweight and obesity groups,the prevalence rates of MS were 4.53％ and 26.80％,respectively.(2) These indices in obesity group were higher than other two groups (P＜0.05).The result of overweight group was higher than normal group (P＜0.05).(3) Waist circumference(OR=1.087,95％CI:1.033-1.143 ),SBP ( OR=1.073,95％CI:1.032-1.116),FBG (OR=1.394,95％CI:1.568-3.423),TG (OR=3.213,95％CI:1.410-7.319) and HDL-C (OR=0.001,95％CI:0.000-0.012)were detecting indices which had statistically significant with MS in binary logistic regression analysis.Conclusion Metabolic syndrome and obesity were closely related in children and adolescents while its prevalence and risk factors increased with the severity of obesity.

Study on association of CTLA4 gene polymorphism with Grave's disease in Guangxi Zhuang nationality population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the polymorphic (AT)n repeats in 3ountranslated region of exon 4 of CTLA4 gene [CTLA4(AT)n] and Graveso disease (GD) in Zhuang nationality population of Guangxi province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The studied groups comprised 48 patients with GD and 44 normal controls. Amplification of target DNA was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified products were run by 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and then followed by 0.1% silver staining. Some of amplified products were sequenced directly.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nineteen alleles of CTLA4 gene microsatellite polymorphism were found in Guangxi Zhuang nationality individuals. The 106 bp long allele was apparently increased in patients with GD of Zhuang nationality but not in healthy controls (P< 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CTLA4 gene microsatellite polymorphism is strongly associated with Graveso disease in Zhuang nationality population of Guangxi province. CTLA4(AT)n 106 bp may be the susceptible gene in GD patients of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi; 19 alleles of CTLA4 gene microsatellite polymorphism were found in Guangxi Zhuang nationality individuals.</p>